Ghanera, scientifically known as Nothapodytes nimmoniana, is a plant species belonging to the Stemonuraceae family. It is commonly referred to as "Amruta" in native regions and also recognized by names like "Kalagura" and "Narkya." Ghanera is a significant botanical resource with diverse applications, particularly in traditional medicine systems across its native habitats.
| Botanical Name | Mappia nimmoniana (J. Graham) Byng & Stull |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Synonyms | Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabb., Mappia foetida, Nothapodytes foetida, Stemonurus foetidus, Premna nimmoniana |
| Order | Cornales |
| Family | Icacinaceae (Unicorn Plant family) |
| Species | nimmoniana |
| Habit | Shrub or small tree |
| Class | Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) |
| Genus | Mappia |
| Range | Tropical and subtropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia |
The nutritional and medicinal value of Ghanera is well-established within traditional knowledge systems. Various parts of the plant, including bark, fruit, leaves, flower, and root, are utilized in herbal formulations to address a wide range of ailments. In regions like South India, the dried stem bark serves as a potent astringent, offering relief from conditions such as mouth ulcers and diarrhea. The fruit, known as "Churna," is considered famine edible and is utilized in culinary preparations like dosa. Additionally, powdered dried fruit and leaves are applied topically to treat boils, showcasing the plant's versatility in medicinal applications.
Ghanera exhibits typical characteristics of the Stemonuraceae family. It is a shrub known for its scandent growth pattern, often adorned with recurved thorns for protection. The leaves are ovate-orbicular in shape, featuring fulvous-tomentose undersides and a crenulate margin. The flowers, subsessile and measuring 5 mm across, bear tomentose sepals externally. The fruit, a globose drupe up to 1.3 cm in size, is distinguished by its white, glabrous appearance.
Limited information is available regarding the safety profile of Ghanera for various medical conditions. Further research is needed to assess potential side effects and interactions with other medications comprehensively.
Across different regions, Ghanera is utilized for various medicinal purposes. In South India, it is employed to treat ulcer, skin diseases, cough, diarrhea, and hypotension, showcasing its broad spectrum of therapeutic effects. The fruit, known as Toran, is particularly valued for wound healing and diarrhea management. However, scientific evidence regarding the efficacy of Ghanera for certain conditions, such as liver disease and muscular conditions, remains insufficient.
Caution is advised, especially for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals, due to limited information regarding the safety of Ghanera. Individuals with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels carefully, as Ghanera might lower blood sugar levels. Moreover, individuals planning surgery should discontinue the use of Ghanera at least two weeks before the scheduled procedure to avoid potential interference with blood sugar control and the central nervous system.
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